This chapter provides a comprehensive description of sleep-related breathing disorders, which include includes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB). It also describes sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes and sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemia due to other medical conditions. CSB and CSA are characterized by instability of the respiratory control system that leads to apneic periods without respiratory effort. Sleep-related breathing disorders are characterized by partial or complete cessation of respiration during sleep, oxyhemoglobin desaturation and sleep fragmentation. Sleep-disordered breathing is a chronic condition that has major implications for morbidity, mortality, and quality of life throughout the world. Nurses, in collaboration with other health care providers, have important roles to play in assessment, treatment, and supporting long-term management and evaluation of this chronic condition. The chapter addresses the characteristics, epidemiology, related factors and consequences, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders, and discusses implications for nursing.