This chapter defines the term “human resource management”. Human resources management is the set of managerial activities involved in planning, recruiting, motivating, retaining, and developing a workforce that can contribute to the efficiency, effectiveness, overall performance, and sustainability of an organization. The chapter describes a human resource management system and human resource information system (HRIS). A generic HRIS includes components related to personnel management, time and attendance, payroll, and benefits. The chapter defines “job satisfaction” and discusses various job satisfaction approaches and theories, staff turnover, and staff retention. Theories in job satisfaction will be examined with respect to content, process, and situational theories. The chapter explains the key roles of human resources management and job satisfaction in the financial sustainability of a nonprofit organization and also explains relationship between human resources and financial sustainability.