The birth of a baby is typically seen as a happy event, with the expectation that the newborn will be healthy. Although some parents will know beforehand of a potential birth defect, others may become aware of their newborn's medical complications only after delivery. When a baby is born with a genetic or congenital defect or when an unexpected birth outcome occurs, parents are often devastated and in need of intense psychosocial support and education. The nurse plays a key role in providing education about the newborn's condition, short- and long-term care needs, and referrals for immediate and long-term, community-based support services for the family. This chapter describes the most common types of birth disorders that occur in the newborn population. It helps the nurses to identify possible etiological factors for specific birth disorders. The chapter discusses possible complications that may occur as a result of specific birth disorders.