For the dissociative client, therapy must begin and proceed with cautious vigilance regarding the client’s ability to maintain a sense of safety and orientation to the present. A client may initially have a great fear, or reluctance, to disclose, or to consciously access, personal information, memories, attitudes, emotions, physical sensations, and other mental actions. The identification of therapy goals is important, not only to structure treatment planning and therapy sessions, but also to help the client impose some increased clarity on the confusing push and pull of separate internal self-states. There are many therapeutic interventions that can help the dissociative client untangle the confusing, often contradictory, structure of internal parts. Very useful preparation procedure, especially for clients who have inadequate attachment experiences early in life and/or repeated trauma, is the Early Trauma Protocol (ETP) developed by Katie O’Shea (2009).