Much of the work involved in effective counseling occurs outside of the therapy sessions through preplanning and astute matching of client needs with specific intervention components most likely to be effective. Although scripted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) manuals are available, the lessons take a broad and sequential approach, often covering more concepts than may be necessary for a particular child or group. Within the umbrella of CBT, there are a plethora of techniques and strategies, thus giving room to individualize therapy. By being familiar with these basic principles and techniques, the counselor can customize sessions to optimize precious time within the school settings for intervention. Use of progress monitoring measures can serve as a guide for practitioners when deciding what components are proving to be effective or not effective. This chapter offers an overview of essential components to counseling therapy planning, starting with case conceptualization through first session considerations.