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  • The Current Status of EMDR Therapy Involving the Treatment of Complex Posttraumatic Stress DisorderGo to article: The Current Status of EMDR Therapy Involving the Treatment of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

    The Current Status of EMDR Therapy Involving the Treatment of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    Article

    Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is a diagnostic entity that will be included in the forthcoming edition of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). It denotes a severe form of PTSD, comprising not only the symptom clusters of PTSD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV-TR]), but also clusters reflecting difficulties in regulating emotions, disturbances in relational capacities, and adversely affected belief systems about oneself, others, or the world. Evidence is mounting suggesting that first-line trauma-focused treatments, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, are effective not only for the treatment of PTSD, but also for the treatment of patients with a history of early childhood interpersonal trauma who are suffering from symptoms characteristic of CPTSD. However, controversy exists as to when EMDR therapy should be offered to people with CPTSD. This article reviews the evidence in support of EMDR therapy as a first-line treatment for CPTSD and addresses the fact that there appears to be little empirical evidence supporting the view that there should be a stabilization phase prior to trauma processing in working with CPTSD.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • A Brief Narrative Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating EMDR Treatment of Patients With DepressionGo to article: A Brief Narrative Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating EMDR Treatment of Patients With Depression

    A Brief Narrative Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating EMDR Treatment of Patients With Depression
    Article

    Depression, one of the most common mental disorders, is characterized by enormous social costs and limited rates of treatment success, even though psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments currently contribute to an increase in the remission rate. In light of recent studies that have shown that traumas and adverse life experiences may represent risk factors for the onset of depression, the therapeutic approach of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been seen as potentially effective in the treatment of depression. The purpose of the present brief narrative review is to summarize the current literature on the efficacy of EMDR in patients with depression, in particular by referring to randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that examined depression as a primary outcome. The data examined are updated to March 2019 and count seven RCT studies covering the years from 2001 to 2019. They are heterogeneous by type of intervention and demographic characteristics of the sample. Although the selected studies are few and with different methodological critical issues, the findings reported by the different authors suggest in a preliminary way that EMDR can be a useful treatment for depression.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • The Status of EMDR Therapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 30 Years After Its IntroductionGo to article: The Status of EMDR Therapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 30 Years After Its Introduction

    The Status of EMDR Therapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 30 Years After Its Introduction
    Article

    Given that 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, the purpose of this article is to summarize the current empirical evidence in support of EMDR therapy as an effective treatment intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, there are more than 30 randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrating the effectiveness in patients with this debilitating mental health condition, thus providing a robust evidence base for EMDR therapy as a first-choice treatment for PTSD. Results from several meta-analyses further suggest that EMDR therapy is equally effective as its most important trauma-focused comparator, that is, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, albeit there are indications from some studies that EMDR therapy might be more efficient and cost-effective. There is emerging evidence showing that EMDR treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, in which PTSD is comorbid, is also safe, effective, and efficacious. In addition to future well-crafted RCTs in areas such as combat-related PTSD and psychiatric disorders with comorbid PTSD, RCTs with PTSD as the primary diagnosis remain pivotal in further demonstrating EMDR therapy as a robust treatment intervention.

    Source:
    Journal of EMDR Practice and Research
  • DeprEnd©—EMDR Therapy Protocol for the Treatment of Depressive DisordersGo to chapter: DeprEnd©—EMDR Therapy Protocol for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders

    DeprEnd©—EMDR Therapy Protocol for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders
    Chapter

    Studies show that there is a high risk for relapse in major depression (MD). Each depressive episode increases the risk of relapse by 15” and the episodes get more severe with each relapse. It is the third most common cause for primary health consultation and the leading cause of disability from ages 15 to 44. Research shows that distinct psychosocial stressors precede most of the depressive episodes by 1 or 2 months (episode triggers). Following the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, DeprEnd© is an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy protocol that addresses an important cause of depression that may also contribute to the maintenance of the symptoms of the disorder: pathogenic memory networks. In the DeprEnd© protocol, four main types of memories are addressed and worked with: classic traumatic memories (Criterion A), often non-Criterion A-based episode triggers, belief systems, and depressive and suicidal states.

    Source:
    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets: Treating Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Mood-Related Conditions
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations Go to book: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations
    Book

    Scripting is a way to inform and remind the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) practitioner of the component parts, sequence, and language used to create an effective outcome. As EMDR is a fairly complicated process, this book provides step-by-step scripts that will enable beginning practitioners to enhance their expertise more quickly. The book is separated into nine parts. The Client History part represents the first of the eight phases of EMDR treatment. The ability to gather, formulate, and then use the material in the intake part of treatment is crucial to an optimal outcome in any therapist’s work. Part II includes an important element of the Preparation Phase that addresses ways to introduce and explain EMDR, trauma, and the adaptive information processing (AIP) model. The importance of teaching clients how to create personal resources is the topic of Part III. Here, an essential element of the Preparation/Second Phase of EMDR work is addressed to ensure clients’ abilities to contain their affect and remain stable as they move through the EMDR process. Part IV shows how to work with clients concerning the targeting of their presenting problems when the usual ways do not work such as usage of drawings to concretize clients’ conceptualization of their issues and usage of an alternative initial targeting method. Part V includes protocols that have been scripted based on the material that appears in Francine Shapiro’s EMDR textbook. Parts VI and VII address EMDR and early intervention procedures for man-made and natural catastrophes for individuals and groups. Performance enhancement and clinician’s self-care are dealt with in the final two parts of the book.

  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols Go to book: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols:
    Special Populations
    Book

    This book provides a standard that reflects the basic elements of the 11-Step Standard Procedure; and the Standard 3-Pronged EMDR Protocol as they are applied to different populations. The diverse population includes children and adolescents; couples; clients suffering with complex post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative disorders; clients with anxiety; clients who demonstrate addictive behaviors; clients who deal with pain; clinicians themselves. The book serves as a basis to encourage research into these various applications for EMDR. It is divided into seven parts. Part I is devoted to the scripted EMDR protocols such as olfactory stimulation, which are used to develop resources for children and adolescents who may have suffered traumatic events in their life. The protocols take into account the particular difficulties of this developmental group and help minimize common difficulties and major hurdles. Part II describes scripted EMDR protocols designed by couples therapists and sex therapists to further the progress of their patients precisely targeting templates of relational interaction, anxiety, or sexual dysfunction. Part III concerns the scripted protocols for dissociative disorders and complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The protocols represent the structured scripted efforts of many trauma therapists over a considerable number of years. Parts IV and V of the book address the concretization of much needed scripts for the EMDR treatment of addictions and pain—two interconnected public health worries. Part VI looks at the world of people’s adaptation to fears and tackles the usage of scripted protocols to detoxify the impact of specific phobias. Part VII demonstrates the usage of scripted EMDR protocols in clinician care and in the management of secondary post-traumatic stress disorder and vicarious traumatization.

  • The Absorption TechniqueGo to chapter: The Absorption Technique

    The Absorption Technique
    Chapter

    The Wedging or Strengthening Technique has been modified in Germany and is called the Absorption Technique to create resources to deal with what the client is concerned about in the future, or having stress about working with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the future, a present trigger or even an intrusive memory. Having clients imagine a strength or skill that would help them during the problem often helps them to reduce their anxiety. Focusing on a specific strength or coping skill may create a wedge of safety or control that will assist clients with the difficult situation in the future. During the Future Phase of the Inverted Protocol for Unstable complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) use the Absorption or Wedging Technique to develop as many different resources for the different issues about which the client might be concerned.

    Source:
    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Special Populations
  • The Inverted EMDR Standard Protocol for Unstable Complex Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderGo to chapter: The Inverted EMDR Standard Protocol for Unstable Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

    The Inverted EMDR Standard Protocol for Unstable Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
    Chapter

    The Inverted eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Standard Protocol for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is a structured way to assist these clients to reduce their symptoms to the point where they are stable enough to work with more and more of their old memory clusters of the past, such as most often childhood abuse, neglect, and numerous secondary traumas after that. The protocol seems to be especially useful in clients with psychiatric hospitalization histories or inpatient settings. There are three foci for the Inverted Standard Protocol for unstable C-PTSD based on inverting the EMDR Standard Protocol to meet the needs of unstable C-PTSD clients: the future, the present, and the past. The constant installation of present orientation and safety (CIPOS) method assists clients in reducing the stress of triggers of older trauma material in a more controlled manner without getting overwhelmed by the old material.

    Source:
    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Special Populations
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets Go to book: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets

    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR Therapy Scripted Protocols and Summary Sheets:
    Treating Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Mood-Related Conditions
    Book

    This book offers eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy practitioners and researchers a window into the treatment rooms of experts in the fields of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and spectrum disorders, and mood-related conditions. It is divided into three parts with 10 chapters that cover working with anxiety disorders, including specific phobia, panic disorder, and the use of a specific procedure in the treatment of anxiety disorder; obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, olfactory reference syndrome, and hoarding behaviors; and mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, major depression, and postpartum depression. To address the specific needs of their populations, authors were asked to include the types of questions relevant for history taking, helpful resources and explanations needed in the preparation phase, particular negative and positive cognitions that were frequent in the assessment phase and for cognitive interweaves, other concerns during phases 4 (desensitization) through 8 (reevaluation), a section on case conceptualization and treatment planning, and any pertinent research on their work. Consisting of past, present, and future templates, the scripts are conveniently presented in an easy-to-use, manual-style format that facilitates a reliable, consistent procedure. Summary sheets for each protocol support quick retrieval of essential issues and components for the clinician when putting together a treatment plan for the client. These scripted protocols and completed summary sheets can be inserted right into a client’s chart for easy documentation.

  • History Taking: The Time LineGo to chapter: History Taking: The Time Line

    History Taking: The Time Line
    Chapter

    This chapter serves as a one-stop resource where therapists can access a wide range of word-for-word scripted protocols for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) practice, including the past, present, and future templates. Client history taking is an important part of well-prepared clinicians’ understanding of their clients. The Time Line Script is based on a number of personal communications with other EMDR clinicians. Start with the best events and ask for the negative events in the session. When all of the memories are gathered, it is helpful to plot them onto a “Positive and Negative Memories Map”. This Map allows for a visual presentation along the time line of the client’s life and offers a window into what the important landmarks of the client’s life were for the clinician and client to see together.

    Source:
    Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations
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