With the evolution of cognitive psychotherapy, there has been an increasing focus on the nature and influence of cognitive structures or schemata. These structures are out of conscious awareness and therefore can be thought of as tacit in nature. As yet, however, there has been little written regarding the implications of the investigations in cognitive psychology of implicit learning and tacit memory for cognitive psychotherapy. This article describes the work of Arthur Reber and other cognitive psychologists on implicit learning and tacit memory and draws tentative implications for the practice of cognitive psychotherapy. Implicit learning processes have been described as robust in nature, holding evolutionary primacy over explicit learning processes, as dissociated from explicit learning, as involving different processes of learning, and as occurring through the tacit detection of covariation. Tacit knowledge precedes and is less available than explicit knowledge.

This article describes the hypnotherapeutic treatment of pain. Pain is a multifaceted, complex phenomenon which can be treated successfully by hypnosis. In fact, hypnosis has been shown to be unusually well-suited to pain treatment because a successful outcome is correlated with individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility. Both general and specific considerations of hypnotherapeutic pain treatment are described. Examples of specific hypnotic routines for pain treatment are presented as well as a more extended case description.