Research Article
Have access already?
Get access to this article:
Or get access to the particular issue:
- Perpetual access Add to cart ($49.95)
Or get access to the entire journal:
Abstract
Research has consistently found that partner violence, defined as physical abuse between married, cohabitating, or dating partners, is not the only type of abuse with long-term deleterious effects on victims. Male and female victims alike report that emotional abuse, along with controlling behaviors, are often as or more traumatic. Existing instruments used to measure emotional abuse and control have either been limited to male-perpetrated behaviors, as conceived in the well-known Duluth “Power and Control” wheel, or field tested on dating or general population samples. This study discusses the genesis and evolution of a gender-inclusive instrument, the Controlling and Abusive Tactics (CAT) Questionnaire, which was field tested on males and females with both a clinical and general population sample. For perpetration, a preliminary comparison across gender found no significant differences across gender for the great majority of items, with women reporting significantly higher rates on 9 items, and men reporting significantly higher rates on 6 items. Women reported higher rates of received abuse than men on 28 of 30 items in which gender differences were found to be significant, but both males and females reported higher victimization than perpetration rates on all items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in the CAT-2, a valid and reliable instrument appropriate for clinical use by treatment providers as well as for research purposes.
Period | Abstract | Full | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apr 2024 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Mar 2024 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 20 |
Feb 2024 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 14 |
Jan 2024 | 37 | 0 | 1 | 38 |
Dec 2023 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
Nov 2023 | 106 | 2 | 0 | 108 |
Oct 2023 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 39 |
Sep 2023 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
Aug 2023 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Jul 2023 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 27 |
Jun 2023 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
May 2023 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 27 |
Apr 2023 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
Mar 2023 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
Feb 2023 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 24 |
Jan 2023 | 144 | 0 | 0 | 144 |
Dec 2022 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
Nov 2022 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
Oct 2022 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
Sep 2022 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
Aug 2022 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
Jul 2022 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 43 |
Jun 2022 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 59 |
May 2022 | 42 | 1 | 1 | 44 |
Apr 2022 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
Mar 2022 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 25 |
Feb 2022 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 14 |
Jan 2022 | 40 | 1 | 1 | 42 |
Dec 2021 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
Nov 2021 | 30 | 3 | 0 | 33 |
Oct 2021 | 27 | 1 | 1 | 29 |
Sep 2021 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
Aug 2021 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Jul 2021 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Jun 2021 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 23 |
May 2021 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 29 |
Apr 2021 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Mar 2021 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 38 |
Feb 2021 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
Jan 2021 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
Dec 2020 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Nov 2020 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
Oct 2020 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Sep 2020 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
Aug 2020 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 21 |
Jul 2020 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
Jun 2020 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 121 |
May 2020 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
Apr 2020 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Mar 2020 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Feb 2020 | 21 | 0 | 1 | 22 |
Jan 2020 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
Dec 2019 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
Nov 2019 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 27 |
Oct 2019 | 41 | 2 | 2 | 45 |
Sep 2019 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
Aug 2019 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 24 |
Jul 2019 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Jun 2019 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
May 2019 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Apr 2019 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 46 |
Mar 2019 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Feb 2019 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Jan 2019 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
Dec 2018 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 34 |
Nov 2018 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
Oct 2018 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
Sep 2018 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Aug 2018 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Jul 2018 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 8 |