Research Article

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The Impact of Feeding Method and Infant Sleep Location on Mother/Infant Sleep, Maternal Depression, and Mothers’ Well-Being

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Abstract

Previous studies have found that exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) mothers get more sleep and report higher levels of well-being than mothers who are not EBF. We do not know whether infant sleep location influences these findings. The present analyses are from the Survey of Mothers’ Sleep and Fatigue, an online survey of 6,410 mothers from 59 countries. Feeding method and sleep location do interact and are related to babies’ and mothers’ sleep and measures of mothers’ well-being. EBF/bedsharing mothers reported more sleep, better physical health, and less depression, anger, and anxiety than non-EBF or nonbedsharing mothers. Conversely, bedsharing/non-EBF mothers had some of the worst outcomes. Bedsharing was related to positive outcomes for EBF mothers. Our findings are consistent with recommendations that non-EBF mothers avoid bedsharing.

Figures

Figure 1.
Number of minutes for baby to settle for sleep.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig01

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 2.
Number of hours baby sleeps at the longest stretch.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig02

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 3.
Number of times baby wakes during the night.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig03

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 4.
Total number of hours mothers report that they sleep.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig04

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 5.
Number of minutes that it takes for mother to fall asleep.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig05

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 6.
Mothers’ depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-2.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig06

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 7.
Mothers’ report of how often they are really anxious or afraid.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig07

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 8.
Mothers’ report of how often they are angry or irritable.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig08

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 9.
Mothers’ self-report of their overall physical health.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig09

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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Figure 10.
Mothers’ self-report of their daily energy levels.
sgrcl_9_3_117_fig10

Note. EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; non-EBF = mixed-feeding and formula feeding.

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