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6: Nature or Nurture? What the Flynn Effect Tells us about Intelligence

DOI:

10.1891/9780826111265.0006

Abstract

James Flynn has found that people living in the United States were gaining a little more than 3 points per decade on tests of human intelligence. IQ is a relative score provides information about a person’s performance in comparison with other individuals of the same age who took an IQ test. The substantially greater gains in fluid versus crystallized intelligence led Flynn to conclude that the Flynn Effect (FE) was caused by a societal shift from concrete to abstract thinking. When Flynn compared children’s performance on the older and newer tests, he was comparing apples to oranges. The FE is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon of inherent intellectual interest to psychologists and others who are intrigued by the human capacity for growth and change. The role of environmental support in developing intelligence has important implications for education and parenting, providing empirical basis for intervention programs.